Publications

Scientific production

Peer-reviewed journal articles and conference proceedings, theses, manuscripts under review, and conference presentations. Names in bold indicate authorship.

Peer-reviewed journal articles · 2

2026Bettahi, L., Remacle, A., Schyns, M., Etienne, É., Etienne, A.-M., & Leclercq, A.-L. (2026). Validating virtual reality for public speaking research and intervention: comparing anxiety, voice, and fluency responses to real and virtual audiences. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 7, 1755571. doi:10.3389/frvir.2026.1755571

2023Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., Dessart, L., & Schyns, M. (2023). Perception of avatars' nonverbal behaviors in virtual reality. Psychology & Marketing, 40(11), 2464-2481. doi:10.1002/mar.21871

Peer-reviewed conference proceedings · 6

2026Saufnay, S., Etienne, E., Vanmechelen, T., & Schyns, M. (2026). Speech Emotion Recognition for Public Speaking Training in Virtual Reality. IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (pp. 168-172). IEEE Computer Society.

2025Etienne, E., Remacle, A., Leclercq, A.-L., & Schyns, M. (2025). EVE: Emotional Validated Expressions, an acted audiovisual corpus. Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'25) (Article 42, pp. 1-4). ACM. doi:10.1145/3717511.3749303

2025Ristorcelli, M., Etienne, E., Schyns, M., Casanova, R., & Ochs, M. (2025). Evaluating multimodal behavioral features for public speaking assessment in virtual reality. Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'25) (Article 40, pp. 1-4). ACM. doi:10.1145/3717511.3749301

2024Etienne, E., Ristorcelli, M., Saufnay, S., Quilez, A., Casanova, R., Schyns, M., & Ochs, M. (2024). A systematic review on the socio-affective perception of IVAs' multi-modal behaviour. Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'24) (pp. 1-10). doi:10.1145/3652988.3673943

2024Saufnay, S., Etienne, E., & Schyns, M. (2024). Improvement of Public Speaking Skills Using Virtual Reality: Development of a Training System. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW) (pp. 122-124). doi:10.1109/ACIIW63320.2024.00025

2021Vachaudez, A., Koubi, C., Cornelis, G., & Etienne, E. (2021). Comment les utilisateurs d'assistants vocaux maintiennent-ils leur utilisation de la technologie dans le temps ? Actes du 20ème Colloque sur le Marketing Digital.

Periodical bulletin · 1

2021Menjot, P., Remacle, A., Schyns, M., Etienne, E., & Leclercq, A.-L. (2021). Une audience virtuelle pour l'entraînement de la fluence de parole lors d'une prise de parole en public : Étude pilote. Cahiers de l'ASELF, 18(2).

Theses · 2

2025Etienne, E. (2025). Virtual reality and analytics to enhance communication skills: A multidisciplinary approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of Liège.

2019Etienne, E. (2019). Elementary statistical methods of cryptography. Master dissertation, University of Liège.

Manuscripts under review · 2

2026Cho, J., Etienne, E., Schyns, M., Jung, T., & tom Dieck, M. (2026). Virtual reality learning experiences in higher education: an affordances and gratifications perspective. Manuscript submitted for publication in Information Technology & People.

2026Etienne, E., Cho, J., Jung, T., & Schyns, M. (2026). A Virtual Reality Approach to Public Speaking Training in Higher Education. Manuscript submitted to the Proceedings of the IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference.

Conference presentations & posters · 23

2025

Etienne, E., Ochs, M., & Clavel, C. (2025). Étude des biais de genre dans la collaboration multimodale humain-agent : entre observation et simulation [Conference presentation]. Journée Intelligence Artificielle, Interactions Socio-Affectives et Éthiques, Paris, France.

Etienne, E., Remacle, A., Leclercq, A.-L., & Schyns, M. (2025). EVE: Emotional Validated Expressions, an acted audiovisual corpus [Poster presentation]. 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'25), Berlin, Germany.

Ristorcelli, M., Etienne, E., Schyns, M., Casanova, R., & Ochs, M. (2025). Evaluating multimodal behavioral features for public speaking assessment in virtual reality [Poster presentation]. 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'25), Berlin, Germany.

Cho, J., Jung, T., tom Dieck, T., Etienne, E., & Schyns, M. (2025). Simulated mock trials in virtual reality: a framework to guide the future of legal education [Conference presentation]. 10th International XR-Metaverse Conference, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Etienne, E., & Schyns, M. (2025, June). Public Speaking Training in Virtual Reality: A Multidisciplinary and Explainable Approach for Education and Research [Conference presentation]. AIRSI 2025 Conference, Online.

2024

Saufnay, S., Etienne, E., & Schyns, M. (2024). The use of virtual reality in public speaking training: Design of a dedicated tool [Conference presentation]. Laval Virtual Doctoral Consortium, Laval, France.

Etienne, E., Ristorcelli, M., Saufnay, S., Quilez, A., Casanova, R., Schyns, M., & Ochs, M. (2024). A systematic review on the socio-affective perception of IVAs' multi-modal behaviour [Conference presentation]. 24th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'24), Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Bettahi, L., Leclercq, A.-L., Schyns, M., Etienne, E., & Remacle, A. (2024). Public speaking: Acoustic characteristics of voice in giving a speech compared to a reading condition [Conference presentation]. PEVOC 15 Conference, Santander, Spain.

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2024). EVE: Emotional Voice Expression, an acted audiovisual corpus [Conference presentation]. AIRSI 2024 Conference, Zaragoza, Spain.

Saufnay, S., Etienne, E., & Schyns, M. (2024). Development and evaluation of virtual reality environments for public speaking training [Conference presentation]. AIRSI 2024 Conference, Zaragoza, Spain.

Cho, J., Etienne, E., Schyns, M., & Jung, T. (2024). Towards a framework for the implementation of virtual reality in legal education and training [Conference presentation]. 9th International Conference on XR/VR/Metaverse, Busan, South Korea.

Bettahi, L., Remacle, A., Schyns, M., Etienne, E., Etienne, A.-M., & Leclercq, A.-L. (2024). Prise de parole en public : Analyse du sentiment de présence et d'immersion face à une audience virtuelle et mise en relation avec l'anxiété [Poster presentation]. 1er Congrès Interdisciplinaire de RUCHE, Liège, Belgium.

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2024). EVE : un corpus audio-visuel émotionnel acté [Poster presentation]. 1er Congrès Interdisciplinaire de RUCHE, Liège, Belgium.

2023

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2023). Intégration d'une base de données EmoVox et de la réalité virtuelle pour l'entraînement à la prise de parole en public [Conference presentation]. Journée ACAI (Plate-forme Intelligence Artificielle), Strasbourg, France.

Etienne, E., Schyns, M., Cho, J., & Jung, T. (2023). Exploring interactions, immersion, and presence in a virtual reality experience for mooting [Conference presentation]. 8th International Conference on XR/VR/Metaverse, Las Vegas, United States.

Cho, J., Jung, T., tom Dieck, M., MacLeod, K., Etienne, E., & Schyns, M. (2023). Virtual reality simulation in legal education [Poster presentation]. MMU Business and Law Doctoral Symposium, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2023). EmoVox: Creation of a speech database for emotion analysis [Conference presentation]. AIRSI 2023 Conference, Online.

2022

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2022). Perception of avatars' attitudes in virtual reality [Conference presentation]. AIRSI 2022 Conference, Online.

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2022). Perception of avatars' attitudes in virtual reality [Conference presentation]. 7th International Conference on XR/VR/Metaverse, Lisbon, Portugal.

2021

Vachaudez, A., Koubi, C., Cornelis, G., & Etienne, E. (2021). Comment les utilisateurs d'assistants vocaux maintiennent-ils leur utilisation de la technologie dans le temps ? [Conference paper]. 20ème Colloque sur le Marketing Digital, Paris, France.

Menjot, P., Remacle, A., Schyns, M., Etienne, E., & Leclercq, A.-L. (2021). Validation of a virtual audience for public speaking: Preliminary results [Poster presentation]. Annual Meeting of the Belgian Association of Psychological Sciences, Online.

Etienne, E., Leclercq, A.-L., Remacle, A., & Schyns, M. (2021). SpeakInVR: Validation of a virtual audience [Poster presentation]. Annual Meeting of the Belgian Association of Psychological Sciences, Online.

2020

Menjot, P., Remacle, A., Schyns, M., Etienne, E., & Leclercq, A.-L. (2020). A virtual audience for public speaking: A pilot study [Poster presentation]. Meeting of the Groupe de Contact de Psycholinguistique et Neurolinguistique, Brussels, Belgium.

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